Physical Dependence Addiction free essay sample

Addiction in general is defined as the dependency of individuals to drugs, alcohol nicotine or any substance that when used abusively will lead to negative effects. It involves incalculable costs and the amount is higher that what one expected. A person is harmed due to the effects. There are also underlying factors why people wanted to incline themselves in addiction. Addiction causes deterioration of both the physical and psychological aspect of a person. Aside from personal harms, addiction also affects people like family and friends. The personality of an addict is totally changed by his/her habits. They often hesitate to interact with other people which make their socialization suffer too. Finding a job and studying in school is also affected by addiction. The performance and knowledge is also negatively affected by the bad habit incurred. Addiction is one societal problem that is hard to counter. It leads to moral weaknesses of people ad at the same tome it allows them to be more prone of committing other illegal behavior like delinquency and being a criminal. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Dependence Addiction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although there are treatments and rehabilitation programs available for addicts, the choice is still for them to make. This paper will analyze and discuss the definition of addiction and the causes, effects and treatment of this growing problem in every society. Definition of Addiction Addiction begins when something is developed as a habit and progresses fro there. It always ends up giving a chemical imbalance in a person’s body. It combines psychological state, moral dilemmas, pharmacology and discourse in an awkward manner (Hammersley Reid, 2002, pp.7-30). In today’s generation the concept of addiction is associated with the terms: â€Å"drug dependence† and â€Å"substance abuse† (Hammersley Reid, 2002, pp.7-30). In addition to the aforementioned definitions, addiction is also considered as a chronic, dangerous and dramatic condition of the physical and psychological state of well being. Addiction also deals with issues of control (Hammersley Reid, 2002, pp.7-30). According to McAdams (1993), addiction has the following criteria: (1)  Ã‚   Substance or alcohol abuse can lead to quicker and easier addiction. (2)  Ã‚   Addicts usually commit crime to support their habits. (3)  Ã‚   Psychoactive effects. (4)  Ã‚   Health damages and death. (5)  Ã‚   Ruthless criminals are the main suppliers of addiction paraphernalia. (6)  Ã‚   It has a long term effect and may become permanent. (McAdams, 1993). Causes of Addiction The causes of addiction have many complexities. The exact cause is hard to identify but the primary cause of it is moral weakness. Overindulging to something makes an individual an addict. The reason behind these depends on the kind of substance taken. On the case of drugs, there are reasons like to forget the pain that they are feeling or to suppress the sickness that they are experiencing. In the case of alcoholism, addicts usually drink to temporarily escape from reality. Consumption of alcohol, drugs or other addictive things is caused by the lack of resistance to peer pressure and out of curiosity (Armstrong Costello, 2002, pp. 1224-1239). Most addicts are in the stage of formation or those who are below the social ladder (Armstrong Costello, 2002, pp. 1224-1239). There are also individual cases of addiction caused by broken families, domestic violence and delinquency that lead them to addiction. Improper teaching from educational institutions may also be considered as one factor of addiction. Social pressure is a major factor in addiction (Armstrong Costello, 2002, pp. 1224-1239). No matter what standpoint of a person is about abstinence, he/she is more likely to become an addict once the pressure of friends and colleagues consumed him/her.   The enjoyment of consuming alcohol or drugs made an addict forget about problems and burdens. Types of Addiction There are two basic types of addiction. First is physical dependence and the second one is the psychological dependence. Physical Dependence The state of habitually using drugs often leads one to addiction. Once drug usage is withdrawn by an addict, it will cause something negative for him/her (McAdams, 1993). On the other hand too much dependency is really bad for one’s health. This type of addiction has symptoms of high blood pressure, tremors and sweating. If an addict failed to get a dosage of the drugs that he/she is dependent on, it will reflect something atrocious on his/her physical state. Life threatening situations are at hand like heart attack and sudden death (McAdams, 1993). A physically dependent addict always compulsively needs for the substance that he/she is hooked into. Withdrawal symptoms often characterize this type of addiction. Continuous addiction is motivated by physical dependence and the substance used by addicts usually gives pleasure or reduce pain. Such dependence also reduces the anxiety level of the user and gives an overwhelming feeling.

Women in Psychology- Florence Denmark

Women in Psychology- Florence Denmark Free Online Research Papers Psychology is a young science in and of itself. Women in psychology have only been credited for significant contributions for the last 150 years or so. Although there have been many women who have paved the way for future female generations in the field of psychology, Frances Denmark has not only contributed significantly in the past, she continues to do so today. Florence Levin Denmark was born on January 28, 1931 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her father, Morris Levin was an attorney, and her mother Minna, was a musician. Florence grew up living with her older sister, her grandparents, aunts, and uncles. Florence credits her mother for helping her succeed in her accomplishments. Florence was an A student, in the honor society, and graduated as class valedictorian in 1948. She wrote the sports column for her high school newspaper. Florence considered it as a career, but felt discouraged by the lack of jobs available for women in the field at the time (Weiss, 2008). Florence went to the Womens College of the University of Pennsylvania. She majored in history at first. She became interested in psychology when she took an introductory class. Florence later became a double major. She was accepted into Phi Beta Kappa. Her history thesis was on Amelia Bloomer, and her psychology thesis was on research she did on gender and leadership styles. In 1952, she graduated with honors in both departments. She was the first student at the college to receive honors in two majors (Psi Chi, 2009). In 1953, she began graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania. She earned an A.M. in psychology, and a Ph.D. in social psychology in 1958. After graduate school, Florence moved to New York City. She took a position at the Queens College of the City University of New York as an adjunct professor. CUNY had a counseling center, and Florence worked there as well. It was during this time that Florence began studies with her colleague Marcia Guttentag. They did work in areas like the effects of college on women, effects of psychiatric labeling of immigrants, and the effects of racial integration in preschool programs (Weiss, 2008). Being a student of psychology in the 1950s, Denmark was highly influenced by the Freudian psychoanalytic perspective of the time. However, in more recent years she has also taken a cognitive approach to helping to heal abused women and children (Weiss, 2008). Often the victims in these scenarios feel as though they cannot leave the situation and somehow they feel they deserve the treatment to begin with. With behavioral-cognitive therapy, clients are taught to see things in a new light; therefore they are able to change the way they think about them and the way they react to them. At Queen’s College, Mary Reuder became a mentor who facilitated her involvement and development as a teacher. In 1964, after six years post-doctoral experience, Florence obtained a faculty position as instructor at Hunter College in the Bronx. At both Queens and Hunter, Florence experienced the discrimination against women that was typical in academia at the time: lower pay and lower rank. Nevertheless, Florence remained at Hunter where she continued her research on the psychology of women and sex roles. Her hard work and accomplishment led to her being named to a distinguished professorship at Thomas Hunter Professor of the Social Sciences in 1984. At Hunter, Florence met her other major mentor, Virginia Staudt Sexton. Sexton mentored Florence through all the political ropes of how to be an effective leader in organizations. Out of this mentoring experience, Florence became a leader on the state, national, and international levels, leadership that she maintains to this day. S he has been president of the New York State Psychological Association, the American Psychological Association, Division 35 of the APA, and the International Council of Psychologists. Her research on women produced a number of significant publications, including the Hunter College Women’s Studies Collective, which published the seminal, Women’s Choices, Women’s Realties (1983), now in its second edition. Florence has also contributed to and edited several psychology texts over the years (Weiss, 2008). Florence L. Denmark is a Robert Pace Distinguished Research Professor and adjunct professor at the graduate school in the City University of New York. She is a fellow of 13 divisions of the APA. She has received awards for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the public interest and the APA Gold Medal Award for lifetime achievement (Psi Chi, 2009). Florence is a big advocate on many women’s issues, the most prevalent being the victimization regarding violent acts on women and children. She has written many articles and books on the subject and is considered an authority on women’s psychological issues (Weiss, 2008) Florence is considered to be the pioneer in the psychology of women. With her leadership, psychology of women became a respected and well-recognized field of study. Her research became the guideline of new programs popping up in colleges across the country. Denmark documented cases of discrimination and the disadvantaged status of women in psychology. Florence wrote many papers on the role of women in the history of psychology, so their many contributions would not be forgotten. In 1975, she and Julia Sherman chaired the first conference on psychological research on women. Florence worked on such topics as racial integration in preschool, and the effects of college on women. She developed curriculum on the psychology of women. Denmark was, in fact, the first to integrate psychology of women in introductory psychology courses. In 1983, she published the first widely used textbook called Womens Choices, Womens Realities. Her research has fueled many psychology departments to create a psychology of women curriculum. Florence was successful in convincing the American Psychological Association to create its 35th division-the Psychology of Women (1973). In 1969, she helped to found the Association for Women in Psychology. In 1976, she served as an editor to the Psychology of Women Quarterly. Florence also helped edit the journal Sex Roles (Psi Chi, 2009). In 1981, Florence established the International Interdisciplinary Congress on Women in Israel. She continued to serve on the congress board, and in 1990, Hunter College was chosen as the next site. From 198 0 to 1981, Florence Denmark served as the APAs fifth woman president. At this time she also served as president of Psi Chi, the psychology honor society. Her presidencies led to cooperation between the two organizations. She advocated increased support of ethnic minorities and women. An APA convention symposium was devoted to autobiographical presentations by eminent women psychologists. From 1971 to 1984 Florence served as an associated editor for the International Journal of Group Tensions. From 1985 to 1988, she was on the committee for Lesbian and Gay Concerns. Florence Denmark has received many awards and honorary degrees for her numerous contributions in every area she worked. The APAs committee on women in psychology gave her its Distinguished Leader Award. She was recognized in 1983 as APA division 35s Outstanding Leader. In 1986, she received the Association of Women Psychologists Distinguished Career Award for her contributions to mentoring, policy, and scholarship. In 1980, the Association for Women in Science recognized her as an Outstanding Woman in Science. The limitless contributions of Frances L. Denmark to the field of psychology in general are enough to put her in the history books. The fact that she did it in a time when women were struggling to earn a place in science and psychology makes it even more monumental. Denmark continues to teach, tour colleges and speak on women’s issues, and make significant contributions to both society and psychology today. References Psi Chi. (2009). Florence L. Denmark Accomplishments. Retrieved December 13, 2009, from The International Honor Society in Psychology: psichi.org/pubs/eye/vol_7/denmark.aspx Weiss, A. (2008). Florence Denmark. Retrieved December 13, 2009, from About.com: http://womenshistory.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ/YazTi=1sdn=womenshistorycdn=educationtm=120gps=141_376_1020_560f=00tt=14bt=1bts=1zu=http%3A//www.webster.edu/%7Ewoolflm/florencedenmark.html . 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Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Assignment 2 - Essay Example They roughly run towards each other to grab the ball and throw it to a teammate. One or two boys fall to the ground, with one shedding copious tears, but their daddies merely tell them to stand up and run again. The crying boy’s father approaches him, pats him at the back and instructs him to play ball again as if nothing happened. My observations made me reflect on the kinds of play these children engage in. I thought Barbie dolls are considered a representation of the American ideal of beauty – sexy, thin and stylish, given to little girls like a torch passed on from one generation of women. It is but expected by society for a girl to achieve the much coveted beauty and grace exemplified by Barbie dolls, as looks matter terribly in this society. That is why the older ladies seemed to be guiding the little girls on how to make their dolls more beautiful, in the hopes that these girls will do so for themselves. On the other hand, boys are encouraged to engage in contact sports. Mothers endure the mess and stench of sweaty jerseys and hold their hearts in their throats as they witness their little boys being roughed up in the playing field all because of the image boys need to project as being manly. The fathers proudly motivate their sons to go for a goal or to brush of simple accidents of tripping to the ground as trivial. It seemed that expressing pain by crying in such accidents is not encouraged. Boys and girls are treated differently from the time they are born. Baby girls are considered fragile and they are exposed to delicate language and handled very gently. Boys, on the other hand, are exposed to strong tones and power-filled language and are handled less gently as they are tossed in the air and held upright from a younger age to demonstrate their power and strength (Rasquinha & Mouly, 2005). Chodorow (1978) posits that after birth, the infant unconsciously sees himself/ herself as merged with

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Pharmaceutical Chemistry - Essay Example A colored compound having a chromophore is known as chromogen. 2. Give an example of an auxochrome and explain how it influences the absorption spectra of the molecule. If we change the pH of the solution how will that influence the spectrum, explain for full credit. In a molecule of nitrobenzene, –NO2 or nitro group is the chromophore. Nitrobenzene absorbs at 400nm and is pale yellow in color. When nitrobenzene is conjugated with the amine group, it froms nitro aniline. The amine group is the auxochrome. Nitroaniline absorbs light at 450nm and is a yellow compound. The longer resonance system decreases the energy gap between the ground state and excited state transition, thus producing visible color. This displacement to longer wavelength is known as bathochromic shift. The auxochrome (ie. amine group), is basic; it will gain a proton and will have a positive charge (electron withdrawing). That positive charge may activate the chromophore for a facile nucleophilic addition of hydroxide (or water) thus converting one pi orbital to a sigma orbital (loss of conguation and less stable pi system/more energy in that pi system) or the electron withdrawing effect pulls electrons away from sparsely populated pi-star orbitals (increases their ener gy) so the energy gap between pi and pi-star orbitals is larger. Larger energy, means larger frequency, means shorter wavelength (red shift or shorter wavelength). At alkaline pH, the absorbing system may be intact and will show red shift, but in acidic solution the amino - H2N group is replaced by - +NH3, which is considerably less efficient as an auxochrome. Thus in acidic solutions, a hypo chromic effect occurs resulting into a blue shift and the solution would appear light in color. 1. Verify the UV/VIS spectrophotometer is in the spectral wavelength range of the analytical method for

The New Testament in the Modern Church Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

The New Testament in the Modern Church - Essay Example t times and contexts have approached the subject from many different angles but they all have the same aim of reflecting on the subject systematically. Christology aims to â€Å"clarify the essential truths about him, it investigates his person and being and work† . (O’Collins, 1994, p. 1), It is accepted by all that humans can never fully comprehend the mystery of God, but equally it has always been a key mission of the Church to study, and to teach key elements of the faith in a way which is at least partially evident to believers, and as far as possible relevant to each successive historical period and social context. Johnson’s work is a good example of a contemporary theologian’s earnest attempts to get to grips with major issues like oppression of the poor and gender inequality, showing how and where the Church could and should evolve its mission to deal with these difficult challenges in the modern world. She identifies Christology as a starting poin t for discussion of these themes, arguing that hidden aspects of his being should be brought forward and that this process will prove especially relevant to the modern world. This paper will explore the strategies of interpretation that Johnson uses to present Jesus as â€Å"Sophia’s child, who communicates her gracious goodness by befriending the outcast, who communicates her prophetic message, and who proves her right or justifies her though he is severely criticized by others.† (Fox, 2001, p. 127) It will look first at Johnson’s starting point for this line of study, and then her use of Jewish traditions and Hellenistic influences, followed by her use of Patristic authorities through the ages. Finally Johnson’s use of modern social sciences will be outlined, including historical and and socio-political techniques so that a full picture of her methods of interpretation can be gained, as well as an appreciation of how effective she is in sustaining these claims about Jesus. Elizabeth A. Johnson is

The Issue Of Teenage Pregnancy

The Issue Of Teenage Pregnancy When you are a little child you always imagine what life will be like when youre older. As a child you think you will grow up a singer, firefighter, policeman or something special; you dont ever think that you will become a teen mother or parent. Teen pregnancy is becoming a complex issue in the United States (Klein, 2005). It not only affects the families of the teen parents, it also affects the government, health care, educators, and the teen (Klein, 2005). When a little girl grows up she always says that she wants to be a mommy one day like her own mother, but never states that she wants to be a teenage mother. Young pre-teens and teens from ages 12-18 are increasingly having babies these days. Even though they dont know it their young age and stage in development will have a great impact on the growing infant. Being a teen mom will not only affect their lives, it will affect their babies. Girls around the ages of nine until about sixteen years old go to puberty and menarche which is sometimes difficult for girls to understand and be comfortable with. Going through the developmental stage of puberty girls develop into young ladies and their bodies develop more; these developments are the ones that attract the boys. When girls are ready to explore them never really think about all of the outcomes of their actions. About one fourth of American adolescents have had intercourse by the age of fifteen years old (Klein, 2005). Most of the time, an adolescents first time is without using contraception;63% of teens reported did not use a condom their last intercourse(Klein,2005) .This can be a huge factor with teenage pregnancy and the increased rates of STDs. When teens have intercourse and experiment, they dont think twice about getting pregnant or what could happen in the future. Teen mothers are not full developed in their stage of development. Their brains and bodies are still immature and some arent even developed enough to hold a child. A child at the age of twelve is in their awkward stage in development when their body starts to look weird to them. Carrying a child at that age has serious risks due to the fact that the child does not have the body to carry an infant. With 20% of 740,000 U.S. teen girls getting pregnant a year, prevention strategies should be taken (Berk, 2012). Also, teen mothers often do not know they are pregnant until it is too late, which then they do not have a good start on the prenatal care of the baby. Most teen mothers still smoke, drink, and have inadequate diets that can cause complications to the infant (Berk, 2012).Teen moms also do not have the funds to get good prenatal care and care for themselves while they are pregnant. Poor prenatal care of the infant can suppress the development if the immune system and cause problem s with the respiratory system (Berk, 2012). Teen mothers have a higher rate of having babies that are underweight, and there is a higher risk for Down syndrome in the fetus. The United States holds the record for the highest teen pregnancies in the world (Gallup-Black Weitzman, 2004). The shocking part about teen pregnancy today is that it is lower than it was in 1991(Berk, 2012). Teen pregnancy also has other leading factors to it that psychologist havent investigated yet. The new shows on TV called Teen Mom and Sixteen and Pregnant are factors to teen pregnancy are many ways. Teenage girls are watching these shows and saying Oh this is all I have to do to get a show on TV or Wow I hope I can be a teen mom and go on that show! Teen girls watching these shows look at the lives of other teens becoming parents but bypass the fact that they are struggling and look at the fact that they are making money for being teen mothers. Not only do the teens on these dreadful shows become TV stars, their faces start to become posted on all these different magazines such as People magazine or Seventeen magazine. This makes teen girls want to buy the magazine and influences them to get pregnant even more. MTV and other television stations should create shows on what teen pregnancy does to your life and to prevent teen pregnancy rather than have teen mothers flaunt their pregn ancy around. The only positive thing about the show Sixteen and Pregnant is that it is more of a documentary and it does show that the teens are struggling and having a hard time being a teenager and a parent. Adolescent teen mothers usually come from a low income or poor family. About 83% of teen moms who give birth are from a low income household (Klein, 2005). The economic circumstances of teen mothers are a huge issue. Due to the fact that most teen parents are not graduated high school and most of them end up dropping out of school, those being able to find a good job to support their new family are extremely difficult. Usually teen mothers and fathers find low-paying, unskilled jobs which can only provide the new baby with the basic necessities (Berk, 2012). Teenage mothers cannot work until about 6 weeks after the child is born, so they are more dependent on the teen father and their parents to support the teen and the baby they just delivered. Teen mothers not only have to deal with the stress of having a new baby, they also have to deal with stress of income and school. Discussion Teen pregnancy is a huge issue in the United States and all around the world. Teens from the ages of 12-19 are having sex and most of them arent realizing the full consequences of intercourse without contraception and birth control. Condoms and birth control are free in many states and all a teen has to do is go to the nearest clinic and ask for them. With approximately 900,000 teenage girls getting pregnant every year in the United states (Klein, 2005), prevention measures should be taken. Teen moms do not realize that their bodies arent fully developed to carry children and that they are not fully mature enough to become a parent. Most teen moms become single mothers due to the fact that the teen father runs off because he cannot handle to pressures of parenting. Teenage girls are having children and not thinking about the drastic change that the child is going to have on them and their families. Even though 35% of adolescent pregnancies end in abortion (Gallup-Black Weitzman, 2004 ); teens that have their babies are unaware of what being a parent is. Also, teen mothers are most likely to drop out of high school and then will not ever get the chance to see how the rest of their high school years, graduation, and college experiences would be. Their incomes will be lower because most fathers or mothers will not have a successful job. About 50% of teen parents have also had a criminal record or have been committed of some illegal offense (Berk, 2012). Through these facts and main ideas stated in this research paper, teen pregnancy is clearly an issue and should be pronounced as an issue. There should be more methods of prevention taken so that teens get a clear view of what their life would be like as a teen parent. High schools and middle schools should address this issue to their students to help them realize what a great impact becoming pregnant as a teen has on them and their whole world. Teens should use condoms and learn more about what the actions and consequences of sex are before and while they do it. Also there should be more support group or other centers for teen moms to meet up and discuss how their lives have changed and support one another. Becoming a teen mother is not the end of the world, and the mothers should know that. Teen mothers need support and do teens without children to learn the changes and to prevent the other teens from having children at such a young age. Throughout this research and the articles su pporting this research, teens should follow through and learn about prevention and contraception so they can become successful and live their lives before becoming a parent.

Nature and Humanity, a Comparison of Poems Essay -- Poetry Nowlan Rilk

When humans and nature come together, they either coexist harmoniously because nature's inhabitants and humans share a mutual respect and understanding for each other, or they clash because humans attempt to control and force their ways of life on nature. The poems, "The Bull Moose" by Alden Nowlan, "The Panther" by Rainer Maria Rilke, "Walking the Dog" by Howard Nemerov, and "The Fish" by Elizabeth Bishop, describe what happens when humans and nature come together. I believe that when humans and nature come together they either clash and conflict because individuals destroy and attempt to control nature, which is a reflection of their powerful need to control themselves, or humans live peacefully with nature because not only do they admire and respect nature, but also they can see themselves in nature. The poem "The Bull Moose" illustrates that when humans and nature come together, they clash and conflict because humans attempt to control nature in order fulfill their need to control themselves. In the poem, the moose is on his death march and searching for a place to die peacefully. During his search, after leaving his natural environment of "trees [and] mountain[s]," the moose approaches a "pole-fenced pasture." This "fenced pasture" symbolizes the division between the moose's natural free environment and the environment dominated and controlled by humans. When the moose reaches the environment dominated by humans, he approaches the cattle, and rather than greeting the moose in a friendly manner, the cattle symbolically move "to the other end of the field" because they realize that the moose is not like them and does not belong in their environment. This situation illustrates the clash between the human environment... ...nizes the fish because, just like the fish, people fight daily battles to survive in life. This humanization of the fish enables the speaker to relate and respect him, and therefore, ultimately leads to his release. The poems, "The Bull Moose" by Alden Nowlan, "The Panther" by Rainer Maria Rilke, "Walking the Dog" by Howard Nemerov, and "The Fish" by Elizabeth Bishop, illustrate what happens when people and nature come together, but the way in which the people react to these encounters in these poems is very different. I believe that when humans and nature come together either they clash and conflict because individuals destroy and attempt to control nature, which is a reflection of their powerful need to control themselves, or humans live peacefully with nature because they not only respect and admire nature, but also they can see themselves in the nature.

Death in the Poems of Emily Dickinson and William Butler Yeats

The two poems under investigation in this paper, Death is a Dialogue by Emily Dickinson and Death by William Butler Yeats are short commentaries on death and what it represents for human beings. As it shall be seen, the poems evince a similar approach to the death theme, although they also show the marks of different historical contexts. Both poets are extremely original in their thinking and writing, nevertheless it is possible to identify the influences that molded their work. In her poem, Dickinson regards death as a mere separation between the body and the spirit before the passage into the afterlife. The brief poem has the form of a dramatic sequence, being structured as a dialogue between death and the human spirit. Yeats’ poem also speaks of death in derisive and ironic terms. Although the tone of the poem is indisputably ironic, the poem is severed by inner tensions: man seems to be able to conquer death but, at the same time, death holds absolute sway over his life. E ssentially, the two poems are comparable in their view of death, each transposing the ceaseless battle between the proud and lofty human spirit and the merciless death.Dickinson’s poem imagines a contention between death and the human spirit. The ‘dust’ is a metaphor for the material world that has only limited power when compared to the world of eternity. Dickinson shows death to have a limited scope: it can only act within the domain of matter and it cannot touch the human spirit:Death is a Dialogue betweenThe Spirit and the Dust.‘Dissolve’ says Death — The Spirit ‘SirI have another Trust’ – (Dickinson 217)The term â€Å"trust† is very significant, pointing to Dickinson’s desire to establish belief in the afterlife. The death of the body is inevitable, but the spirit will triumph over the coarse matter in the end. Trust is opposed in the next stanza to â€Å"doubt†. This contrast enhances even further the idea of the ultimate victory of the spirit:Death doubts it — Argues from the Ground —The Spirit turns awayJust laying off for evidenceAn Overcoat of Clay. (Dickinson 217)Death â€Å"argues from the ground†, being therefore nailed down in the material world and able to bring only scientific arguments in its own favor, while the spirit proudly produces the ultimate evidence for its triumph: it strips off the coat of clay, i.e. the body, and wanders away.   According to Thomas W. Ford, this dramatic sequence shows Dickinson’s desire to believe in eternity and heaven and to reject the rational, scientific proof: â€Å"The ‘Spirit’ in the dialogue represents Emily Dickinson's desire to believe in eternity, the ‘Dust’ represents the observed facts† (Ford 126). The battle between the rational and irrational is obvious in these lines.Dickinson twists the argument in favor of the human spirit, letting irrationality show its evidence and denying the validity of the scientific approaches to death. Thomas W. Ford observes that Dickison’s attitude towards death was markedly influenced by her tensioned relationship with religion, especially Puritanism. As the critic notes, Dickinson’s inner struggle with ultimate acceptance of religion is obvious in some of her letters and throughout her work: â€Å"Dickinson early in life was seriously worried over being left out of â€Å"Christ's love† since she had never personally experienced any form of conversion.Her interest in death was an aspect of a continuing and profound concern over her own salvation† (Ford 39). Dickinson’s personal struggle with the acceptance of faith and the influence of Puritanical thought are both reflected in her poem. It can be even said that the struggle portrayed in the poem resembles the battle between rational thought and faith, which took place in Dickinson’s own mind.Yeats’ poem Deat h was published in the verse collection The Winding Stair and Other Poems that appeared in 1933. Yeats is one of the most influential modernists and he is well known for his endeavor to create his own mythology in his works. The poem under analysis seems to be severed in two parts. The first part shows man’s permanent struggle with death and his tendency to pile all his hopes and fears around the concept of death. The second part brings the opposite view to light: man is also a murderer and he dominates death through his consummate knowledge of its inner workings. The first part of the poem compares the reaction of animals and that of humans in front of death:Nor dread nor hope attendA dying animal;A man awaits his endDreading and hoping all†¦ (Yeats 3)While animals are indifferent to the meaning of death and only react to it as they would to any other natural phenomena, man is constantly tormented by the thought of death. Yeats observes the paradoxical attitude of man i n front of death: on the one hand, man clings to the thought of death with all his hopes and dreams and, at the same time, he associates death with his greatest and darkest fears. The second part of the poem almost reverses the initial perspective on death: man is the master of death, through his intimate knowledge of it:A great man in his prideConfronting murderous menCasts derision uponSupersession of breath;He knows death to the bone –Man has created death. (Yeats 3)The last line of the stanza might seem an overstatement, at first glance. Yeats’ liberal assertion that â€Å"man has created death† has many different implications. On the one hand, man is able to be a murderer and thus he â€Å"knows death to the bone†. This is not the sole explanation however. The creation of death is obviously a paradox. In his pride, man does not fear death and is even able to deride. Harold Bloom contends that the poem implies death does not exist in fact, as Yeats ha d also argued in A Vision (Bloom 372). In this sense, the idea proposed by Yeats seems to be very similar to that of Emily Dickinson.However, on a closer look, the Irish poet entertains a somewhat different view of humanity’s relationship with death. As a modernist, he sees the resourcefulness of man’s creative spirit as apt to face death and defeat it. Man proudly ignores biological death not because he knows his soul will go to a Christian heaven afterwards, but because he believes in the impossibility of death. According to Yeats, man does not find salvation in the divinity as such, but in the creative forces that animate everything. The poet explores death from a modernist and aesthetic perspective: man is an inventor and a dauntless spirit and for him death does not exist.Thus, Dickinson’s and Yeats’ poems reveal different views of the same theme, each being influenced by the historical context in which he or she created. Both explore death from the point of view of man’s contention with biological constraints. However, the poets reach different conclusions: Dickinson takes refuge in the idea of salvation while Yeats advocates for man’s artistic powers.

Units of Analysis as Related to Sociology

Units of Analysis as Related to Sociology Units of analysis are the objects of study within a research project. In sociology, the most common units of analysis are individuals, groups, social interactions, organizations and institutions, and social and cultural artifacts. In many cases, a research project can require multiple units of analysis. Overview Identifying your units of analysis is an important part of the research process. Once you have identified a research question, you will have to select your units of analysis as part of the process of deciding on a research method and how you will operationalize that method. Lets review the most common units of analysis and why a researcher might choose to study them. Individuals Individuals are the most common units of analysis within sociological research. This is the case because the core problem of sociology is understanding the relationships between individuals and society, so we routinely turn to studies composed of individual people in order to refine our understanding of the ties that bind individuals together into a society. Taken together, information about individuals and their personal experiences can reveal patterns and trends that are common to a society or particular groups within it, and can provide insight into social problems and their solutions. For example, researchers at the University of California-San Francisco found through interviews with individual women who have had abortions that the vast majority of women do not ever regret the choice to terminate the pregnancy. Their findings prove that a common right-wing argument against access to abortionthat women will suffer undue emotional distress and regret if they have an abortionis base d on myth rather than fact. Groups Sociologists are keenly interested in social ties and relationships, which means that they often study groups of people, be they large or small. Groups can be anything from romantic couples to families, to people who fall into particular racial or gender categories, to friend groups, to whole generations of people (think Millennials and all the attention they get from social scientists). By studying groups sociologists can reveal how social structure and forces affect whole categories of people on the basis of race, class, or gender, for example. Sociologists have done this in pursuit of understanding a wide range of social phenomena and problems, like for example this study that proved that living in a racist place leads to Black people having worse health outcomes than white people; or this study that examined the gender gap across different nations to find out which are better or worse at advancing and protecting the rights of women and girls. Organizations Organizations differ from groups in that they are considered more formal and, well, organized ways of collecting people together around specific goals and norms. Organizations take many forms, including corporations, religious congregations and whole systems like the Catholic Church, judicial systems, police departments, and social movements, for example. Social scientists who study organizations might be interested in, for example, how corporations like Apple, Amazon, and Walmart impact various aspects of social and economic life, like how we shop and what we shop for, and what work conditions have become normal and/or problematic within the U.S. labor market. Sociologists who study organizations might also be interested in comparing different examples of similar organizations to reveal the nuanced ways in which they operate, and the values and norms that shape those operations. Cultural Artifacts Sociologists know that we can learn a lot about our society and ourselves by studying the things that we create, which is why many of us cultural artifacts. Cultural artifacts are all the things that are created by humans, including the built environment, furniture, technological devices, clothing, art and music, advertising and languagethe list is truly endless. Sociologists who study cultural artifacts might be interested in understanding what a new trend in clothing, art, or music reveals about the contemporary values and norms of the society that produces it and those who consume it, or they might be interested in understanding how advertising might impact norms and behavior, especially in terms of gender and sexuality, which has long been fertile ground for social science research. Social Interactions Social interactions also take a wide variety of forms and can include anything from making eye contact with strangers in public, purchasing items in a store, conversations, engaging in activities together, to formalized interactions like weddings and divorces, hearings, or court cases. Sociologists who study social interactions might be interested in understanding how larger social structures and forces shape how we behave and interact on a daily basis, or how they shape traditions like Black Friday shopping or weddings. They might also be interested in understanding how social order is maintained. Research has shown that this is done in part by intentionally ignoring each other in crowded public spaces.

Role of Reason in politics essays

Role of Reason in politics essays Conservatives and Liberals take two very different attitudes to the role of reason in politics. Discuss the differences and establish which attitude is most reasonable? In this essay there is need to look at what the term Reason means and its role in politics in view of the attitudes of the conservatives and the liberals. This could be seen as the analysing and combining of ideas to form knowledge. Reason is a means of acquiring knowledge of the objective world (cognition) For Marxists, Reason, or rationality, is the objective form of processes of social action. Reason is often contrasted with Experience (as in the dispute between Rationalism and Empiricism) and with Intellect, which in this context refers to the aspect of cognition in which concepts remain stable and provide the basis for interpretation of experience. Reason is man's tool of understanding. It is the method of identifying entities through one's senses. It is the means of integrating those perceptions into concepts, gaining knowledge through this integration, integrating that knowledge into the rest of one's knowledge, and evaluating and manipulating ideas and facts. In Marxs Theses on Feuerbach: The chief defect of all hitherto existing materialism (that of Feuerbach included) is that the thing, reality, sensuousness, is conceived only in the form of the object or of contemplation, but not as sensuous human activity, practice, not subjectively. Hence, in contradistinction to materialism, the active side was developed abstractly by idealism - which, of course, does not know real, sensuous activity as such. In this theses Marx criticised the materialists for under-rating the role of Reason, and in this sense supports the Rationalists against the Empiricists; but, he says, the idealists (i.e. Hegel), who have understood the significance of Reason (the active side), do not know real, sensuous activity as such, and it is this which is...

Quality Management Tools & Techniques Assignment - 1

Quality Management Tools & Techniques - Assignment Example By visually observing the histogram, it is possible to determine whether or not the process is in control. In this paper, the capability analysis for individual variables is applied using Minitab. This analysis yields a process capability report even when the data for the variables are not normally distributed. In this case, the manufacturing process produces a single hard drive using three distinct processes, hence the application of this method is suitable in order to evaluate each process independently. As such, histograms of the data for each process will be generated, which will help to verify whether or not the processes are in control. In this case, three main measures will be used to evaluate the capabilities of the three processes including Cp, Cpk and PPM. The measure Cp is an index that measures potential capability of a process; that is, the capability of a process in meeting certain conditions. For a capable process, Cp should be greater than one. The measure Cpk, on the other hand, is a measure of whether or not the process is conforming to the required specifications (Bass, 2007). For a perfectly centered process, Cpk should be equal to Cp. The measure PPM (parts per million) represents the number of defectives in every one million parts manufactured. By visually observing figure 1, the data is not normally distributed. Indeed, the data seems to be both bimodal and right-skewed. However, the data values are within the specified limits. The value of Cp = 1.41 is greater than one, which indicates that the process is capable. Additionally, the value of Cpk = 1.30 is almost equal to that of Cp hence the process is centered. On the overall performance, for every one million hard drives produced by the manufacturer, 18.29 parts will exceed the specified limits on the lower specification limit (LSL) side while 238.83 parts will exceed the limit on the upper

Organisation of the body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organisation of the body - Essay Example The major functions entail the intensification of DNA in order to facilitate the process of mitosis; it equally assists in the smaller casing of DNA so as to fit in the cell; it also controls replication of DNA and gene expression; it also inhibits the damage of DNA. They are normally reffered to as the cell’s powerhouse due to its ability to perform the role of the cell’s digestive system in which it uptakes nutrients, and synthesizes them into energy through cellular respiration. They function by breaking down cellular debris and waste materials through the action by acids known as hydrolase enzymes. In this regard, the lysosomes digest worn out or excess organelles, bacteria or engulfed viruses and food matter. The red blood cells have a flattened disc like shape or a biconcave shape which increases the surface area over volume ratio.In this regard, the diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen across the plasma of the red blood cells occurs at a faster rate.Moreover, the red blood cells are elastic and flexible thus they are able to fit the small capillaries. In addition, the red blood cells have a thin wall cell to assist in the effortless oxygen diffusion. The red blood cells equally lack cell structures such as ribosomes, mitochondria and nucleus. In this regard, they are able to pack large amounts of hemoglobin due to the increase in space within the cells. The hemogloblin performs the role of taking in oxygen from the lungs and consequently releasing it to the rest of the body. The ciliate epithelial cells have an overlapping and flat structure which facilitates the minimal use of space in the cell. It equally assists in providing a barrier to the exterior. Furthermore, it assists in offering a lightweight skin structure. In addition, it facilitates the shedding of individual cells. The sperm cell is specialized to carry out its function in a variety